Low-Dimensional Nano-Carbons: Form Doped Carbon Nanotubes and Doped Graphene to 3-D Hybrids and Biological Applications
Mauricio Terrones1
E-mail: mut11@psu.edu
1Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for 2-Dimensional & Layered Materials. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA & Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, JAPAN
2 IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28005, Spain and Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
We will describe the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanotube networks using different dopants during chemical vapor deposition. In particular, the effects of sulfur, boron and nitrogen will be discussed. For example, sulfur induces the formation of pentagons and heptagons, whereas boron aids the growth of heptagonal carbon rings, and nitrogen promotes the formation of pentagonal cusps. It will be demonstrated that it is indeed possible to assemble/grow carbon nanotube networks if a careful control of dopants is achieved during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth. High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS) studies on these nanotube materials will be presented, and the locations of boron, sulfur and nitrogen within nanotubes will also be shown. First principles theoretical calculations on nanotubes containing pentagon, hexagons and heptagons in the presence of these dopants will be discussed. Recent experiments on the synthesis of large area super-tough smart carbon textiles, capacitors, catalysts and more. We will also discuss the citotoxicity and applications as molecular sensors and virus traps of these doped nanocarbons. Different routes to synthesize 3D architectures of covalently interconnected carbon nanotubes will also be discussed. These include the use of Si an atomic welder and a multi-stage CVD growth on crisscross nanotubes decorated with Fe nanoparticles. Physico-chemical properties of these novel architectures will also be introduced.
This talk will also discuss the synthesis of large-area, high-quality monolayers of nitrogen-, silicon- and boron-doped graphene sheets on Cu foils using ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) reveal that the defects in the doped graphene samples arrange in different geometrical configurations exhibiting different electronic and magnetic properties. Interestingly, these doped layers could be used as efficient molecular sensors in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the synthesis of hybrid carbon materials consisting of interconnected graphene layers (graphene foams) by solvothermal routes will be discussed. These foams are highly conducting, very robust and can operate at temperatures ranging from 77K to 1173K.
References
L. P. Rajukumar, M. Terrones, et al. (2015). “3D Nanocomposites of Covalently Interconnected Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with SiC with Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties”. Advanced Functional Materials 25, 4985-4993.
R. Cruz-Silva, A. Morelos-Gomez, H. I. Kim, H. K. Jang, F. Tristan, S. Vega-Diaz, L. P. Rajukumar, A. L. Elias, N. Perea-Lopez, J. Suhr, M. Endo, M. Terrones. (2014). “Super-stretchable Graphene Oxide Macroscopic Fibers with Outstanding Knotability Fabricated by Dry Film Scrolling”. Acs Nano 8, 5959-5967
Y. Wu, Terrones, M. et al. (2015). “Three-dimensionally bonded spongy graphene material with super compressive elasticity and near-zero Poisson’s ratio”. Nature Communications 6, 6141; doi:10.1038/ncomms7141.
Y.-T. Yeh, Y. Tang, A. Sebastian, A. Dasgupta, N. Perea-Lopez, I. Albert, H. Lu, M. Terrones, S.-Y. Zheng. (2016) “Tunable and Label-Free Virus Enrichment for Ultra-sensitive Virus Detection Using Carbon Nanotube Arrays”. Science Advances 2: e1601026.
S. Feng, M. C. dos Santos, B. R. Carvalho, R. Lv, Q. Li, K. Fujisawa, A. L. Elías, Y. Lei, N. Perea-López, M. Endo, M. Pan, M. A. Pimenta, M. Terrones (2016). “Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering”. Sci. Adv. 2, e1600322.
S. Feng, Z. Lin, X. Gan, R. Lv, M. Terrones. (2017) “Doping two-dimensional materials: ultra-sensitive sensors, band gap tuning and ferromagnetic monolayers”, Nanoscale Horizons, 2, 2, 72-80.
